Portable tool



Jan. 22, 1929 1,699,870

` S. D. BLACK ET AL PORTABLE TOOL Filed Sept.' 26, 1923 I I @Hoz nu,

Patented Jan. 22, 1929.

SAMUEL DUNCAN BLACK ANDALONZO GALLOWAY DECKER, 0F BALTIMORE COUNTY,

MARYLAND, ASSIGNORS TO. TEE BLACK @c DECKER MANUFACTURING- COMPANY,

OF TOWSON, MARYLAND, A CORPORATION OF MARYLAND.

, PORTABLE TOOL.

Application med September 26, 1923. rSerial No. 684,826.

The invention relates to rotary tools, and has been developed and used'in connection with a power-driven rotary hand tool.

Some of the screw drivin machines and power-driven hand screw driversinclude in connection with the tool chuck or holder, a clutch which isreleased by a spring, so that the chuck and bit are only connected tothe driving power or motor to be rotated thereby when pressure isapplied to the bit or chuck. They are also released by the o eration ofthe clutch when the screw driver it encounters a predeterminedresistance. This arrangement is of considerable advantage in drivingscrews, as'it releases the screw as soon as it is driven home, andprevents disgurement of the screw and splitting of the material byunduly prolongedapplication of the driving power.

The object of the present inventionis to produce atool which can be usedas a combineld screw driver or socket wrench and dril Y ile motor drivenscrew drivers hitherto fore in use very closely resemble the similarclass of drills, the screw drivin tools are not considered applicable todril change of bit from the screw driver to the drill on account of thisreleasing clutch, which disconnects the rotary drive as soon as pressureis removed from the bit, making it necessary to withdraw the drill fromthe hole which has been bored, directly4 without rotating, as there isno means for rotating'the chuck 'exce t when pressure is ap lied to thetool in t e direction of its axis. his feature makes the screw drivingtools impractical for drilling, as withdrawal of the drill in .this way,i. e., without rotation, results in sticking and in frequent breakage ofthe drill bits. Also the power 'driven rills are undesirable for screwdriving because they.

v 9,'the latter being secured tothe shaft 10 of lack the releasingfeature.

The invention provides a combinationtool which is equally as eiicientfor screw driving and socket wrench work as the previously constructedpower driven screw drivers, and as eiicient for the purposesof a powerdriven drill as the tools previouslyconstructed solelyfor that urpose.The device comprises a rotary s in le and a tool holder in combinationwit aclutch lwhich is spring released,

lthe parts being in rotary driving engagement when pressure is appliedin the direction of drill, eliminating the releasin by mere Vtheillustration includes a tool `ing 1, having a tubular extension 2, thebnre the axis, overcoming the spring, and a locking device for holdingthe releasing clutch in engagement while the tool is being used as afeature and providing for rotating the dril while it is being with rawnfrom the work, the parts being .unlocked and the clutch being permittedto engage and disengage automatically as aforesaid when the tool is usedfor driving screws or as a wrench.

In the accompanying drawings we have illustrated so much of a rotarypower driven hand tool in the nature of a combination drill, bit andscrew driver, as is necessary to a full comprehension of the nature andoperation of our im rovement.

ln the rawngs,

Figure 1 is an elevation of an electrically driven rotary hand toolprovided with the improvement of our invention, certain parts beingbroken away for convenience of illus- Jratio', the spindle, etc.. vbeingshown in secion.

vFigure 2 is an elevation showing the bit and tlnie parts ofthe toolimmediately adjacent the i lFigi'ire 3 is a erspective view' of thelockingring or she ,and igure 4 isa bottom plan looking at the tool fromthe clutch end, the bulk of the casing being broken away for convenienceof illustration. y

Referring' to the drawings by numerals,

frame or casor opening in which in the form of the invenf tion shown isprovided with a tubular bearing sleeve 4 in which is mounted a rotaryspindle 5 which may be driven from any suitable source, and whichintheform ofthe invention shown isv secured to a toothed gear 6, which isdriven vby a reducing train of gears 7, 8,

a motor 11, which in the tool illustrated is an electric motor, thedevice of the invention being illustrated as applied to a vcombinationWe have shown the tubular portion of frame 2 provided with an internalannular shoulder 13 which with the lower end of bearing sleeve 'flserves as a seat for the upper ring 14 of an annular thrust bearing 15,the lower vl0() electric drill, screw driver and socket wrench.

ring member 16 of which rests on an external shoulder 17 on the spindle5 near the lower scribed bein end. This spindle is hollowed out o'rbored conccntrically with its axis at 18, the bore extending upward fromthe lower end and terminating Within the spindle at 19 the en d wall 19of the bore servlng as a seat ior a helical spring 2O which is placedtherein and which engages the shank 21 ofthe tool holder or chuck member22, which shank enters the bore 18 With a sliding fit and moves back andforth thereinin response to the tension of the spring 2O and thepressure on the bit 40 as the latter overcomes the tension of thespring.

In explanation of the drawing it 1s noted that the shank 21 is securedto the chuck proper 22 by a stud 210 on the shank which enters the bore220 in the chuck, the same being secured in any suitable and convenientmanner.

The lower ed e or end 23 of the spindle 5 is rovided wit clutch teeth ornotches 24, an the tool holder or chuck 22 is provided with co-operatinclutch teeth 26, the teeth 26 and notches 24' eing preferably tapered orhaving their engaging. surfaces 27, 28 oppositely inclined to providefor releasing the clutch when a predetermined resistance 1s encountered,as when a screw or bolt, which is being driven, is seated, the tool asthus far deadapted for use as a screwdriver or soc et wrench.

In usin the tool as a screw driver or socket wrench, t e clutch 24, 26is normally disenaged by the action of the spring 20, which t rusts thechuck member 22 orward or downward, the pressureon the bit beingsuicient to overcome the tension of the spring, serving to compress thespring, thrusting the chuck member toward the spindle and bringing theclutch teeth into engagement for the grving of a screw or the seating ofa nut or To use the tool as a drill, it is desirable to do away with thereleasing feature, and to this end wevprovide means for locking theclutch in engagement so that for the pu oses of the drilling operationthe spindle an chuck are locked together, so that they operate as a sinle integral member.

n the present instance this locking is accomplished-by means of alocking ring or shell 30 which is substantially c lindrical in outlineand encloses the lower en of the tubular extension 2 of the frame whichsurrounds the spindle. In the form of the invention shown this tubularextension is reduced to the internal diameter of the shell and shoul`dered at 31. The lower end of the shell is partially closed, the endwall 32 being centralli aertured at 33 to pass the chuck or toolV ol er22, which latter is provided with an external annular shoulder 34 whichengages the end wall or flange 32 of the shell 30 with L.its uppersurface adjacentthe aperture 33.

In the illustration we have shown a packing yringer washer 35 to take upfriction between the parts at this point.

s To provide for lockln et the clutch in enl gaf'ement, the shellI 30 1sprovided with angu ar or bayonet slots 36, such slots preferably havingone arm parallel to the axis or normally vertical and the other at rightangles thereto, i. e. in the direction of the circumference of the shellor normally horizontal. These slots 36 are engaged b screws 37 which, asshown, are seated radial y in the tubular portion of the frame 1, thescrews being as shown shouldered or enlarged near -their heads at 38 toa size greater than the diameter of the threaded lportion 39, whichshoulders substantially lit the slots 36.

In view of the description it will beeasily understood that when theclutch teeth and notches 26 and 24 are opposite each other or when thespindle is rotating, pressure on the bit or drill 40 or on'the chuck 22will bring them into mesh, causing the clutch to engage, and that at anytime when the clutch teeth are in eneagement, the shell 30 may berotated b hand, in the form of the invention shown 1t should be rotatedcounter-clockwise, causing the screws 37 to enter the horizontal armsofthe slots 36, which are so spaced as to cause the lock under thesecircumstances to hold the clutch in engagement b action of the shell orring in its upper or loc ring position, locking the flange 32 againstthe shoulder 34 on the chuck, the arm 4l of the slot which is parallelto the axis being extended upward so that when the shell is rotated fromthe position just described in right-handed or clockwise direction, thescrews on entering this vertical portion of the slot 36 release theclutch in resfionse to the action of the spring 20.

t will also be understood that when the clutch is locked, as justdescribed, the chuck is driven positively through the chain of gearing6, 7, 8,9 from the motor shaft 10, so that it is suitable for use as adrill or for other purposes for which a tool having a continuouslyrotating spindle is desirable, and that when the lock is released, thetool becomes adapted forluse as a screw driver or socket wrench thespindle being driven only when the chuck or tool is subjected topressure in the direction of the axis and being preferably released onencountering a predetermined resistance.

We have thus described specifically and in l" ing the chuck to themotor, a spring holding ing a ring and a pin and bayonet slot wherebythe same normally disengaged, the clutch bethe ring is locked andreleased, lockingV and 10 ing engaged by pressure of the tool againstreleasing the Clutch.

the Work, the parts being thus normally Signed by us at Baltimore,Maryland, this adapted to .Operate as a wrench 0r screw 24th day ofSeptember, 1923.

driver, and means for locking'the clutch in engagement whereby Jchedevice is adapted SAMUEL DUNCAN BLACK.

for use as a drill, said locking means eompris- ALONZO GALLOWAY DECKER.'

